Sudan Climate
Top 5 Cities: Khartoum, Omdurman, Khartoum North, Port Sudan, and Kassala
This month in numbers
Sudan experienced its 15th warmest April on record in 2026, with an average temperature of 29.92°C, marking an anomaly of +1.4°C above the 1961–1990 baseline. The three-month period from February to April 2026 was the 17th warmest on record, with an average of 26.38°C, an anomaly of +1.2°C. Globally, April 2026 was the 2nd warmest April on record for land temperatures, with the February–April period also ranking as the 2nd warmest globally.
What changed
Sudan's recent warmth aligns with a broader trend, as the country's average temperature for 2025 was the 6th warmest on record, and the long-term trend shows a significant warming of +1.44°C compared to the 1961–1990 baseline. The ongoing conflict in Sudan has exacerbated the impacts of climate change, with millions facing acute hunger and displacement, and essential infrastructure, including health and water systems, severely damaged.
What’s driving change?
The persistent warming in Sudan is largely driven by the broader global trend of land warming faster than the ocean. The current ENSO state is Neutral, but forecasts indicate a strong likelihood of El Niño developing in the coming months, with an 82% chance for May-Jul and a 98% chance for Aug-Oct. For the Sahel region, El Niño typically brings warmer and drier conditions, which could further exacerbate existing challenges in Sudan. The country has also been experiencing significant flash floods, with thousands left homeless in River Nile state in April, and heavy rainfall expected to continue in central Sudan through August. These extreme weather events are occurring amidst a humanitarian crisis, with widespread food insecurity and a collapse of basic services. More information on global extreme weather can be found at Extreme Weather tracker and ENSO updates at ENSO tracker.
Looking ahead
The forecast for the coming months suggests a high probability of El Niño developing, which typically brings warmer and drier conditions to the Sahel region, potentially intensifying the ongoing humanitarian crisis and food insecurity in Sudan.
Generated by Gemini from climate data and web sources
Loading climate data...
Data Sources
Data Sources for Sudan
Every figure on this page is sourced from official, openly published climate datasets. Anomalies are calculated against the 1961–1990 baseline (temperature) and 1991–2020 (rainfall, sunshine, frost) - see the Methodology & Sources page for the complete dataset list and update calendar.
FAQs
FAQs
How is the climate in Sudan changing?
Sudan is warming in line with the rest of the world. The page above shows the latest monthly temperature anomaly versus the 1961-1990 baseline, the long-term annual trend, and the region's rank in the historical record. The trend rate is shown as °C per decade in the headline panel; you can also see the warmest and coolest years on file.
Where does the climate data for Sudan come from?
Climate data for Sudan comes from Our World in Data, sourcing Copernicus ERA5 and HadCRUT5 (national temperature anomaly) and the Global Carbon Project via Our World in Data (CO₂ emissions), refreshed every month, when the upstream temperature and rainfall data are refreshed.
What is the climate baseline used on this page?
Anomalies on this page are calculated against the 1961-1990 climatological baseline, which is the standard reference period used by the Met Office, NOAA, IPCC and most national climate services. Some panels also show the source-native 1901-2000 (NOAA) or 1991-2020 (WMO) baselines for verification. See Methodology & Sources for the full reference.
Which areas does the Sudan climate data cover?
The Sudan climate profile covers Khartoum, Omdurman, Khartoum North, Port Sudan and surrounding areas. Temperature, rainfall and emissions data for Sudan
How often is the Sudan climate update refreshed?
The Sudan climate update is refreshed monthly, typically a few days after the previous month closes and the upstream provider (Met Office HadUK-Grid, NOAA Climate at a Glance, Copernicus ERA5 or the Global Carbon Project) publishes its update. See the Climate Rankings for cross-region comparisons.