Mongolia Climate
Top 5 Cities: Ulaanbaatar, Erdenet, Darkhan, Choibalsan, and Mörön
This month in numbers
Mongolia experienced its 4th warmest April on record in 2026, with an average temperature of 6.26°C, a significant 3.8°C above the 1961–1990 baseline. The global land temperature for April 2026 also ranked as the 2nd warmest on record, at 14.96°C, exceeding the baseline by 1.1°C. The three-month period from February to April 2026 saw Mongolia record its 10th warmest such period, with an average temperature of -4.28°C, which is 2.6°C above the long-term average.
What changed
Mongolia's warming trend continues to be pronounced, with the latest annual average temperature for 2025 ranking as the 2nd warmest in 85 years of records. This reflects a long-term warming trend of +1.60°C compared to the 1961–1990 baseline. The country's warming rate is significantly faster than the global average, with temperatures rising at nearly three times the global rate over the past 70 years. This April, Mongolia's temperature anomaly of +3.75°C placed it 37th out of 234 regions globally for the month.
What’s driving change?
Mongolia's rapid warming is largely driven by the , as higher-latitude regions tend to warm faster than the tropics. The country's extreme continental climate, characterized by significant temperature fluctuations, also contributes to its vulnerability to climate change. The current ENSO state is Neutral, with an anomaly of +0.11°C for February-April 2026. However, forecasts indicate a likely transition to El Niño conditions in the coming months, with a 61% probability for May-July and 79% for June-August.
Recent extreme weather events have also impacted the region. Strong winds and severe dust storms affected parts of Mongolia in early April, causing poor visibility. Another dust storm, originating in southern Mongolia, triggered widespread dust and sandstorms across northern China in mid-April. A flood event was also recorded in Mongolia from May 3rd to May 5th, representing 100% of the single flood event logged for the country over the past 12 months, which is an unusual concentration for the region and season. These events highlight the increasing intensity of climate-driven hazards in Mongolia, including heatwaves, droughts, and floods.
Generated by Gemini from climate data and web sources
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Data Sources
Data Sources for Mongolia
Every figure on this page is sourced from official, openly published climate datasets. Anomalies are calculated against the 1961–1990 baseline (temperature) and 1991–2020 (rainfall, sunshine, frost) — see the Methodology & Sources page for the complete dataset list and update calendar.
FAQs
FAQs
How is the climate in Mongolia changing?
Mongolia is warming in line with the rest of the world. The page above shows the latest monthly temperature anomaly versus the 1961-1990 baseline, the long-term annual trend, and the region's rank in the historical record. The trend rate is shown as °C per decade in the headline panel; you can also see the warmest and coolest years on file.
Where does the climate data for Mongolia come from?
Climate data for Mongolia comes from Our World in Data, sourcing Copernicus ERA5 and HadCRUT5 (national temperature anomaly) and the Global Carbon Project via Our World in Data (CO₂ emissions), refreshed every month, when the upstream temperature and rainfall data are refreshed.
What is the climate baseline used on this page?
Anomalies on this page are calculated against the 1961-1990 climatological baseline, which is the standard reference period used by the Met Office, NOAA, IPCC and most national climate services. Some panels also show the source-native 1901-2000 (NOAA) or 1991-2020 (WMO) baselines for verification. See Methodology & Sources for the full reference.
Which areas does the Mongolia climate data cover?
The Mongolia climate profile covers Ulaanbaatar, Erdenet, Darkhan, Choibalsan and surrounding areas. Temperature, rainfall and emissions data for Mongolia
How often is the Mongolia climate update refreshed?
The Mongolia climate update is refreshed monthly, typically a few days after the previous month closes and the upstream provider (Met Office HadUK-Grid, NOAA Climate at a Glance, Copernicus ERA5 or the Global Carbon Project) publishes its update. See the Climate Rankings for cross-region comparisons.