Mongolia Climate – June 2026 Update
Top 5 Cities: Ulaanbaatar, Erdenet, Darkhan, Choibalsan, and Mörön
This month in numbers
Mongolia experienced its 7th warmest June on record, with an average temperature of 18.79°C, a significant 2.4°C above the 1961–1990 baseline. This continues a trend, as the April–June 2026 period also ranked as the 7th warmest on record, with an anomaly of +2.4°C. Globally, June 2026 was the 3rd warmest June on record for land temperatures, while the April–June period ranked as the 2nd warmest globally.
What changed
The past three months have seen Mongolia consistently warmer than average, with April, May, and June all recording positive temperature anomalies. This regional warming contrasts with some parts of the world, as several European countries experienced intense heatwaves in June, while Mongolia saw rare summer snowfall in its northern and central regions in mid-June. This unusual snowfall led to extreme cold weather alerts, with ground temperatures dropping to as low as minus 5 degrees Celsius in some areas.
What’s driving change?
The warming trend in Mongolia is largely influenced by , a significant warming driver in the region. Mongolia has a remarkably cold climate, and a substantial portion of the country lies within the Arctic Ocean drainage basin, making it susceptible to processes similar to those in higher latitudes. As the climate crisis accelerates, Mongolia is experiencing rapid warming, transforming its cryosphere, including some of the most southerly permafrost landscapes in the Northern Hemisphere. This destabilises ground, impacts water availability, and releases greenhouse gases, further accelerating warming. Additionally, Mongolia is grappling with widespread land degradation and desertification, affecting approximately 77% of its total land area.
Looking ahead
The NOAA Climate Prediction Center's seasonal outlooks provide probabilities for temperature and precipitation anomalies for the coming months.
Generated by Gemini from climate data and web sources
At a Glance
Temperature – Average
Year-on-Year Trends
The 4byo Climate Helix – Mongolia
Data: Our World in Data / NOAA (rainfall: World Bank CCKP / CRU TS 4.08). Baseline: first 30 yrs on record. Recent: last 10 yrs on record.
Mongolia – Monthly Temperature – All Years
Data: Our World in Data / NOAA (rainfall: World Bank CCKP / CRU TS 4.08). Baseline: first 30 yrs on record. Recent: last 10 yrs on record.
Records – Mongolia
Our World in Data / NOAA - Anomalies vs 1901-2000 mean
Shifting Seasons
Warm/cold + wet/dryKöppen BSk · AridMongolia has both a clear warm/cold cycle (±19.0°C) and a wet/dry cycle (29× wet:dry ratio). Both sides of the annual rhythm are shown below.
Monthly rainfall climatology. A “wet month” exceeds the baseline monthly mean (dashed gold line). Biggest month-to-month shift: Sep (+4 mm, +18%).
Data: Our World in Data / NOAA (rainfall: World Bank CCKP / CRU TS 4.08). Baseline: first 30 yrs on record. Recent: last 10 yrs on record.
Rainfall & Precipitation
Rainfall & Rain Days – Totals
Headline: anomaly vs the 1961–1990 mean. Small figure: the actual value. Rank: position in the full record (1st = highest ever). Record: highest (or lowest) value on record with its year.
Emissions & Energy
Explore
Explore Climate Data
Data Sources
Data Sources for Mongolia
Every figure on this page is sourced from official, openly published climate datasets. Anomalies are calculated against the 1961–1990 baseline (temperature) and 1991–2020 (rainfall, sunshine, frost) - see the Methodology & Sources page for the complete dataset list and update calendar.
FAQs
FAQs
How is the climate in Mongolia changing?
Mongolia is warming in line with the rest of the world. The page above shows the latest monthly temperature anomaly versus the 1961-1990 baseline, the long-term annual trend, and the region's rank in the historical record. The headline panel also shows the long-term trend rate per decade and the warmest and coolest years on file.
Where does the climate data for Mongolia come from?
Climate data for Mongolia comes from Our World in Data, sourcing Copernicus ERA5 and HadCRUT5 (national temperature anomaly) and the Global Carbon Project via Our World in Data (CO₂ emissions), refreshed every month, when the upstream temperature and rainfall data are refreshed.
What is the climate baseline used on this page?
Anomalies on this page are calculated against the 1961-1990 climatological baseline, which is the standard reference period used by the Met Office, NOAA, IPCC and most national climate services. Some panels also show the source-native 1901-2000 (NOAA) or 1991-2020 (WMO) baselines for verification. See Methodology & Sources for the full reference.
Which areas does the Mongolia climate data cover?
The Mongolia climate profile covers Ulaanbaatar, Erdenet, Darkhan, Choibalsan and surrounding areas. Temperature, rainfall and emissions data for Mongolia
How often is the Mongolia climate update refreshed?
The Mongolia climate update is refreshed monthly, typically a few days after the previous month closes and the upstream provider (Met Office HadUK-Grid, NOAA Climate at a Glance, Copernicus ERA5 or the Global Carbon Project) publishes its update. See the Climate Rankings for cross-region comparisons.