Madagascar Climate – June 2026 Update
Top 5 Cities: Antananarivo, Toamasina, Antsirabe, Fianarantsoa, and Mahajanga
This month in numbers
Madagascar experienced its 6th warmest June on record, with an average temperature of 20.48°C, marking an anomaly of +1.3°C compared to the 1961–1990 baseline. The period of April–June 2026 was the 2nd warmest on record for Madagascar, with an average temperature of 22.66°C, an anomaly of +1.7°C. Globally, June 2026 was the 3rd warmest June on record for land temperatures, and the April–June period ranked as the 2nd warmest for global land temperatures.
What changed
The past three months (April–June 2026) in Madagascar were exceptionally warm, ranking as the 2nd warmest such period in 86 years of records. This trend is consistent with the country's long-term warming, which shows an increase of +1.07°C compared to the 1961–1990 baseline. Madagascar's 2025 average temperature of 23.41°C was the warmest year on record. The country is currently experiencing deteriorating drought conditions, driven by poor precipitation and above-average temperatures, particularly in the south-west. This has led to below-normal soil moisture, impacting vegetation and crops.
What’s driving change?
The persistent warmth in Madagascar is largely influenced by the broader trend of land warming faster than ocean, contributing to the significant temperature anomalies observed. The ongoing drought conditions, exacerbated by severely warmer than average temperatures in south-western Madagascar, are a clear example of . This means that dry soils are unable to cool themselves through evaporation, leading to more intense heat. Madagascar is also grappling with the lingering effects of successive tropical cyclones Fytia and Gezani, which struck in early 2026, causing widespread damage and compounding vulnerabilities. These events have further strained the country's resources and resilience.
Looking ahead
The recurring climate phenomenon El Niño is expected to worsen conditions in the Grand South of Madagascar, with projections that up to 426,000 people could face emergency-level food insecurity by the end of 2026.
Generated by Gemini from climate data and web sources
At a Glance
Temperature – Average
Year-on-Year Trends
The 4byo Climate Helix – Madagascar
Data: Our World in Data / NOAA (rainfall: World Bank CCKP / CRU TS 4.08). Baseline: first 30 yrs on record. Recent: last 10 yrs on record.
Madagascar – Monthly Temperature – All Years
Data: Our World in Data / NOAA (rainfall: World Bank CCKP / CRU TS 4.08). Baseline: first 30 yrs on record. Recent: last 10 yrs on record.
Records – Madagascar
Our World in Data / NOAA - Anomalies vs 1901-2000 mean
Shifting Seasons
Warm/cold + wet/dryKöppen Aw · TropicalMadagascar has both a clear warm/cold cycle (±2.5°C) and a wet/dry cycle (7× wet:dry ratio). Both sides of the annual rhythm are shown below.
Monthly rainfall climatology. A “wet month” exceeds the baseline monthly mean (dashed gold line). Biggest month-to-month shift: Feb (-34 mm, -12%).
Data: Our World in Data / NOAA (rainfall: World Bank CCKP / CRU TS 4.08). Baseline: first 30 yrs on record. Recent: last 10 yrs on record.
Rainfall & Precipitation
Rainfall & Rain Days – Totals
Headline: anomaly vs the 1961–1990 mean. Small figure: the actual value. Rank: position in the full record (1st = highest ever). Record: highest (or lowest) value on record with its year.
Emissions & Energy
Explore
Explore Climate Data
Data Sources
Data Sources for Madagascar
Every figure on this page is sourced from official, openly published climate datasets. Anomalies are calculated against the 1961–1990 baseline (temperature) and 1991–2020 (rainfall, sunshine, frost) - see the Methodology & Sources page for the complete dataset list and update calendar.
FAQs
FAQs
How is the climate in Madagascar changing?
Madagascar is warming in line with the rest of the world. The page above shows the latest monthly temperature anomaly versus the 1961-1990 baseline, the long-term annual trend, and the region's rank in the historical record. The headline panel also shows the long-term trend rate per decade and the warmest and coolest years on file.
Where does the climate data for Madagascar come from?
Climate data for Madagascar comes from Our World in Data, sourcing Copernicus ERA5 and HadCRUT5 (national temperature anomaly) and the Global Carbon Project via Our World in Data (CO₂ emissions), refreshed every month, when the upstream temperature and rainfall data are refreshed.
What is the climate baseline used on this page?
Anomalies on this page are calculated against the 1961-1990 climatological baseline, which is the standard reference period used by the Met Office, NOAA, IPCC and most national climate services. Some panels also show the source-native 1901-2000 (NOAA) or 1991-2020 (WMO) baselines for verification. See Methodology & Sources for the full reference.
Which areas does the Madagascar climate data cover?
The Madagascar climate profile covers Antananarivo, Toamasina, Antsirabe, Fianarantsoa and surrounding areas. Temperature, rainfall and emissions data for Madagascar
How often is the Madagascar climate update refreshed?
The Madagascar climate update is refreshed monthly, typically a few days after the previous month closes and the upstream provider (Met Office HadUK-Grid, NOAA Climate at a Glance, Copernicus ERA5 or the Global Carbon Project) publishes its update. See the Climate Rankings for cross-region comparisons.